A Census of Nuclear Stellar Disks in Early-type Galaxies

TL;DR

This study provides the most comprehensive census of Nuclear Stellar Disks in nearby early-type galaxies, revealing their prevalence, independence from galaxy type, and potential insights into galaxy formation history.

Contribution

It offers the first large-scale, detailed analysis of NSDs in early-type galaxies using Hubble data, including physical property measurements and their relation to galaxy mass.

Findings

NSDs are present in about 20% of early-type galaxies.

The fraction of galaxies with NSDs is independent of Hubble type and environment.

The incidence of NSDs declines in the most massive galaxies.

Abstract

Nuclear Stellar Disks (NSDs), of a few tens to hundreds of parsec across, are a common and yet poorly studied feature of early-type galaxies. Still, such small disks represent a powerful tool to constrain the assembling history of galaxies, since they can be used to trace to the epoch when galaxies experienced their last major merger event. By studying the fraction and stellar age of NSDs it is thus possible to test the predictions for the assembly history of early-type galaxies according the current hierarchical paradigm for galaxy formation. In this paper we have produced the most comprehensive census of NSDs in nearby early-type galaxies by searching for such disks in objects within 100 Mpc and by using archival images from the Hubble Space Telescope. We found that NSDs are present in approximately 20% of early-type galaxies, and that the fraction of galaxies with NSDs does not depend on their Hubble type nor on their galactic environment, whereas the incidence of NSDs appears to decline in the most massive systems. Furthermore, we have separated the light contribution of twelve such disks from that of their surrounding stellar bulge in order to extract their physical properties. This doubles the number of decomposed NSDs and although the derived values for their central surface brightness and scale-length are consistent with previous studies they also give a hint of possible different characteristics due to different formation scenario between nuclear disks and other kinds of large galactic disks.