Condon Domain Phase Diagram and Hysteresis Size for Beryllium

TL;DR

This study maps the Condon domain phase diagram of beryllium at low temperatures and high magnetic fields, using ac susceptibility to detect phase transitions and hysteresis, and compares results with theoretical models.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed experimental phase diagram and hysteresis size model for beryllium's Condon domains, validated against Fermi surface calculations.

Findings

Phase diagram of beryllium's Condon domains established

Hysteresis size measured across temperature and field ranges

Experimental results agree with theoretical Fermi surface predictions

Abstract

The Condon domain phase diagram for beryllium is determined in magnetic fields up to 10 T and at temperatures down to 1.3 K using a standard ac pick-up coil method to measure the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect. The detection of the transition point from the homogeneous state to the Condon domain state (CDS) is based on the extremely non-linear response to the modulation field resulting from a small irreversibility in the dHvA magnetization. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions calculated from the Fermi surface (FS) of beryllium. The width h_m of the hysteresis loop in the CDS is measured in a wide temperature and field region. A model for the hysteresis size is proposed and numerically calculated for the whole phase diagram.