First detection of the Methylidyne cation (CH+) fundamental rotational line with the Herschel/SPIRE FTS

TL;DR

This paper reports the first detection of the fundamental rotational line of CH+ using Herschel/SPIRE FTS, providing new insights into interstellar chemistry and the presence of CH+ in different galactic environments.

Contribution

It is the first to identify the CH+ rotational transition in space, confirmed by laboratory measurements and related to other molecular lines, expanding understanding of interstellar molecules.

Findings

First detection of CH+ rotational line in space.

CH+ observed in emission in Orion and in absorption in HII regions.

Comparison with PDR models offers insights into formation processes.

Abstract

Aims. To follow the species chemistry arising in diverse sources of the Galaxy with Herschel. Methods. SPIRE FTS sparse sampled maps of the Orion bar & compact HII regions G29.96-0.02 and G32.80+0.19 have been analyzed. Results. Beyond the wealth of atomic and molecular lines detected in the high-resolution spectra obtained with the FTS of SPIRE in the Orion Bar, one emission line is found to lie at the position of the fundamental rotational transition of CH+ as measured precisely in the laboratory (Pearson & Drouion 2006). This coincidence suggests that it is the first detection of the fundamental rotational transition of CH+. This claim is strengthened by the observation of the lambda doublet transitions arising from its relative, CH, which are also observed in the same spectrum. The broad spectral coverage of the SPIRE FTS allows for the simultaneous measurement of these closely related chemically species, under the same observing conditions. The importance of these lines are discussed and a comparison with results obtained from models of the Photon Dominated Region (PDR) of Orion are presented. The CH+ line also appears in absorption in the spectra of the two galactic compact HII regions G29.96-0.02 and G32.80+0.19, which is likely due to the presence of CH+ in the the Cold Neutral Medium of the galactic plane. These detections will shed light on the formation processes and on the existence of CH+, which are still outstanding questions in astrophysics.