The Herschel revolution: unveiling the morphology of the high mass star formation sites N44 and N63 in the LMC

TL;DR

This study uses Herschel data to analyze the dust and radiation environment around high-mass star formation sites N44 and N63 in the LMC, revealing different radiation field behaviors and density profiles.

Contribution

It provides new Herschel/SPIRE observations and a phenomenological dust model to characterize the 3D density and radiation field around star formation regions in the LMC.

Findings

N63 shows a spherical symmetry with decreasing radiation field with distance.

N44 exhibits no systematic decrease in radiation intensity due to inhomogeneous surroundings.

Herschel data effectively derive dust mass distribution and environmental structure.

Abstract

We study the structure of the medium surrounding sites of high-mass star formation to determine the interrelation between the HII regions and the environment from which they were formed. The density distribution of the surroundings is key in determining how the radiation of the newly formed stars interacts with the surrounds in a way that allows it to be used as a star formation tracer. We present new Herschel/SPIRE 250, 350 and 500 mum data of LHA 120-N44 and LHA 120-N63 in the LMC. We construct average spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for annuli centered on the IR bright part of the star formation sites. The annuli cover ~10-~100 pc. We use a phenomenological dust model to fit these SEDs to derive the dust column densities, characterise the incident radiation field and the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. We see a factor 5 decrease in the radiation field energy density as a function of radial distance around N63. N44 does not show a systematic trend. We construct a simple geometrical model to derive the 3-D density profile of the surroundings of these two regions. Herschel/SPIRE data have proven very efficient in deriving the dust mass distribution. We find that the radiation field in the two sources behaves very differently. N63 is more or less spherically symmetric and the average radiation field drops with distance. N44 shows no systematic decrease of the radiation intensity which is probably due to the inhomogeneity of the surrounding molecular material and to the complex distribution of several star forming clusters in the region.