Rapid evolution of complex limit cycles

TL;DR

This paper investigates the behavior and evolution of complex limit cycles in polynomial holomorphic foliations, especially focusing on multi-fold cycles and their tendency to escape large domains as the foliation approaches integrability.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of multi-fold cycles in near-integrable polynomial foliations and analyzes their dynamic behavior and topological properties.

Findings

Multi-fold cycles are linked to periodic orbits of a Poincaré map.

Continuous families of multi-fold limit cycles tend to escape large domains.

The topology of the domain influences the cycles' behavior.

Abstract

The current article studies certain problems related to complex cycles of holomorphic foliations with singularities in the complex plane. We focus on the case when polynomial differential one-form gives rise to a foliation by Riemann surfaces. In this setting, a complex cycle is defined as a nontrivial element of the fundamental group of a leaf from the foliation. Whenever the polynomial foliation comes from a perturbation of an exact one-form, one can introduce the notion of a multi-fold cycle. This type of cycle has at least one representative that determines a free homotopy class of loops in an open fibered subdomain of the complex plane. The topology of this subdomain is closely related to the exact one-form mentioned earlier. We introduce and study the notion of multi-fold cycles of a close-to-integrable polynomial foliation. We also explore how these cycles correspond to periodic orbits of a certain Poincar\'e map associated with the foliation. Finally, we discuss the tendency of a continuous family of multi-fold limit cycles to escape from certain large open domains in the complex plane as the foliation converges to its integrable part.