A Balescu-Lenard type kinetic equation fot the collisional evolution of stable self-gravitating systems

TL;DR

This paper derives a kinetic equation for the collisional evolution of large, stable, self-gravitating systems, incorporating collective gravitational effects, inhomogeneity, and mass diversity, using action-angle variables.

Contribution

It introduces a Balescu-Lenard type kinetic equation tailored for self-gravitating systems, accounting for collective interactions and inhomogeneity, extending plasma physics methods to astrophysics.

Findings

Derivation of a coupled set of equations for distribution functions and potential.

Reduction to a Balescu-Lenard form in the homogeneous limit.

Inclusion of collective gravitational dressing and resonant particle motions.

Abstract

A kinetic equation for the collisional evolution of stable, bound, self gravitating and slowly relaxing systems is established, which is valid when the number of constituents is very large. It accounts for the detailed dynamics and self consistent dressing by collective gravitational interaction of the colliding particles, for the system's inhomogeneity and for different constituent's masses. The evolution of the one-body distribution function is described in action angle space. The collision operators are expressed in terms of the collective response function allowed by the existing distribution functions at any given time and involve particles in resonant motions. The set of equations which describe the coupled evolution of the distribution functions and of the potential is derived for spherical systems. In the homogeneous limit, which sacrifices the description of the evolution of the spatial structure of the system, but retains the effects of collective gravitational dressing, the kinetic equation reduces to a form similar to the Balescu-Lenard equation of plasma physics.