Quasiblack holes with pressure: General exact results

TL;DR

This paper investigates the conditions under which quasiblack holes with pressure can form, analyzing extremal and nonextremal cases, and how electromagnetic fields influence boundary pressures and matter density behavior.

Contribution

It provides exact conditions for quasiblack hole formation with pressure, including the effects of electromagnetic fields and the nature of matter at the boundary.

Findings

Quasiblack holes with pressure can have continuous pressure at the quasihorizon.

Electromagnetic fields require zero matter pressure on the boundary.

Extremal quasiblack holes cannot be formed from phantom matter at the quasihorizon.

Abstract

A quasiblack hole is an object in which its boundary is situated at a surface called the quasihorizon, defined by its own gravitational radius. We elucidate under which conditions a quasiblack hole can form under the presence of matter with nonzero pressure. It is supposed that in the outer region an extremal quasihorizon forms, whereas inside, the quasihorizon can be either nonextremal or extremal. It is shown that in both cases, nonextremal or extremal inside, a well-defined quasiblack hole always admits a continuous pressure at its own quasihorizon. Both the nonextremal and extremal cases inside can be divided into two situations, one in which there is no electromagnetic field, and the other in which there is an electromagnetic field. The situation with no electromagnetic field requires a negative matter pressure (tension) on the boundary. On the other hand, the situation with an electromagnetic field demands zero matter pressure on the boundary. So in this situation an electrified quasiblack hole can be obtained by the gradual compactification of a relativistic star with the usual zero pressure boundary condition. For the nonextremal case inside the density necessarily acquires a jump on the boundary, a fact with no harmful consequences whatsoever, whereas for the extremal case the density is continuous at the boundary. For the extremal case inside we also state and prove the proposition that such a quasiblack hole cannot be made from phantom matter at the quasihorizon. The regularity condition for the extremal case, but not for the nonextremal one, can be obtained from the known regularity condition for usual black holes.