Internal dynamics of Abell 2294: a massive, likely merging cluster

TL;DR

This study investigates the internal dynamics of Abell 2294, revealing it as a massive, merging galaxy cluster with substructure and ongoing merger activity, supported by optical, X-ray, and spectroscopic data.

Contribution

First detailed dynamical analysis of Abell 2294 combining optical, X-ray, and spectroscopic data to characterize its merging state and internal structure.

Findings

Abell 2294 hosts two massive subclusters separated by ~2000 km/s.

The cluster is undergoing a merger mainly along the line of sight.

It is a very massive cluster with a mass between 2-4 x 10^15 solar masses.

Abstract

The mechanisms giving rise to diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters, and in particular their connection with cluster mergers, are still debated. We aim to obtain new insights into the internal dynamics of the cluster Abell 2294, recently shown to host a radio halo. Our analysis is mainly based on redshift data for 88 galaxies acquired at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We also use new photometric data acquired at the Isaac Newton Telescope and X-ray data from the Chandra archive. We re-estimate the redshift of the large, brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) obtaining <z>=0.1690. We estimate a quite large LOS velocity dispersion sigma_V about 1400 km/s and X-ray temperature T_X about 10 keV. Our optical and X-ray analysis detects evidence for substructure. Our results are consistent with the presence of two massive subclusters separated by a LOS rest frame velocity difference V_rf about 2000 km/s, very closely projected in the plane of sky along the SE-NW direction. The observational picture, interpreted through the analytical two-body model, suggests that Abell 2294 is a cluster merger elongated mainly in the LOS direction and catched during the bound outgoing phase, a few fractions of Gyr after the core crossing. We find Abell 2294 is a very massive cluster with a range of M=2-4 10E15 M_sun. Moreover, contradicting previous findings, our new data do exclude the presence of the H$\alpha$ emission in the spectrum of the BCG galaxy. The outcoming picture of Abell 2294 is that of a massive, quite "normal" merging cluster, as found for many clusters showing diffuse radio sources.