Dark solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates: from theory to experiments

TL;DR

This review summarizes the theoretical models and experimental findings related to matter-wave dark solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, covering their properties, dynamics, and dimensional effects.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview connecting analytical theories with experimental observations of dark solitons across different dimensional regimes.

Findings

Theoretical models successfully describe soliton statics and dynamics.

Experimental observations confirm the existence and behavior of dark solitons.

Dimensional crossover effects influence soliton properties.

Abstract

This review paper presents an overview of the theoretical and experimental progress on the study of matter-wave dark solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Upon introducing the general framework, we discuss the statics and dynamics of single and multiple matter-wave dark solitons in the quasi one-dimensional setting, in higher-dimensional settings, as well as in the dimensionality crossover regime. Special attention is paid to the connection between theoretical results, obtained by various analytical approaches, and relevant experimental observations.