Loss of halo triaxiality due to bar formation

TL;DR

This study uses N-body simulations to explore how bar formation in disc galaxies influences the shape and triaxiality of dark matter haloes, revealing that bars significantly reduce halo non-axisymmetry and cause haloes to become more oblate.

Contribution

It demonstrates how bar formation affects halo shape evolution, showing that bars induce halo circularisation and oblateness, with initial halo triaxiality influencing bar strength.

Findings

Massive discs partially dilute halo triaxiality.

Bar formation causes halo non-axisymmetry to diminish.

Halo shapes become approximately oblate after bar development.

Abstract

Cosmological N-body simulations indicate that the dark matter haloes of galaxies should be generally triaxial. Yet, the presence of a baryonic disc is believed to alter the shape of the haloes. Here we aim to study how bar formation is affected by halo triaxiality and how, in turn, the presence of the bar influences the shape of the halo. We perform a set of collisionless N-body simulations of disc galaxies with triaxial dark matter haloes, using elliptical discs as initial conditions. We study models of different halo triaxialities and, to investigate the behaviour of the halo shape in the absence of bar formation, we run models with different disc masses, halo concentrations, disc velocity dispersions and also models where the disc shape is kept artificially axisymmetric. We find that the introduction of a massive disc causes the halo triaxiality to be partially diluted. Once the disc is fully grown, a strong stellar bar develops within the halo that is still non-axisymmetric, causing it to lose its remaining non-axisymmetry. In triaxial haloes in which the initial conditions are such that a bar does not form, the halo is able to remain triaxial and the circularisation of its shape on the plane of the disc is limited to the period of disc growth. We conclude that part of the circularisation of the halo is due to disc growth, but part must be attributed to the formation of a bar. We find that initially circular discs respond excessively to the triaxial potential and become highly elongated. They also lose more angular momentum than the initially elliptical discs and thus form stronger bars. Because of that, the circularisation that their bars induce on their haloes is also more rapid. We also analyse halo vertical shapes and observe that their vertical flattenings remain considerable, meaning that the haloes become approximately oblate by the end of the simulations. [abridged]