The Protostellar Mass Function

TL;DR

This paper explores the protostellar mass function (PMF), analyzing different accretion models and their alignment with observations, to better understand star formation processes and improve predictions of protostellar properties.

Contribution

It introduces and compares various protostellar accretion models, including tapered and accelerating versions, and assesses their consistency with observed star formation times.

Findings

Tapered and accelerating models better match observed star-formation times.

Uncertainties prevent ruling out any proposed accretion models.

PMF is crucial for calculating the Protostellar Luminosity Function.

Abstract

The protostellar mass function (PMF) is the Present-Day Mass Function of the protostars in a region of star formation. It is determined by the initial mass function weighted by the accretion time. The PMF thus depends on the accretion history of protostars and in principle provides a powerful tool for observationally distinguishing different protostellar accretion models. We consider three basic models here: the Isothermal Sphere model (Shu 1977), the Turbulent Core model (McKee & Tan 2003), and an approximate representation of the Competitive Accretion model (Bonnell et al. 1997, 2001a). We also consider modified versions of these accretion models, in which the accretion rate tapers off linearly in time. Finally, we allow for an overall acceleration in the rate of star formation. At present, it is not possible to directly determine the PMF since protostellar masses are not currently measurable. We carry out an approximate comparison of predicted PMFs with observation by using the theory to infer the conditions in the ambient medium in several star-forming regions. Tapered and accelerating models generally agree better with observed star-formation times than models without tapering or acceleration, but uncertainties in the accretion models and in the observations do not allow one to rule out any of the proposed models at present. The PMF is essential for the calculation of the Protostellar Luminosity Function, however, and this enables stronger conclusions to be drawn (Offner & McKee 2010).