Peculiar early-type galaxies in the SDSS Stripe82

TL;DR

This study investigates peculiar early-type galaxies in the SDSS Stripe82, revealing their recent interactions, star formation activity, and environmental preferences, and providing a detailed catalog for further research.

Contribution

It presents a robust sample of peculiar ETGs with detailed morphological, spectroscopic, and photometric analysis, highlighting their recent star formation and environmental distribution.

Findings

18% of ETGs show disturbed morphologies

7% exhibit dust lanes and patches

Peculiar ETGs have higher recent star formation rates

Abstract

We explore the properties of `peculiar' early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the local Universe, that show (faint) morphological signatures of recent interactions such as tidal tails, shells and dust lanes. Standard-depth (51s exposure) multi-colour galaxy images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) are combined with the significantly (2 mags) deeper monochromatic images from the public SDSS Stripe82 to extract, through careful visual inspection, a robust sample of nearby, luminous ETGs, including a subset of ~70 peculiar systems. 18% of ETGs exhibit signs of disturbed morphologies (e.g. shells), while 7% show evidence of dust lanes and patches. The peculiar ETG population is found to preferentially inhabit low-density environments (outskirts of clusters, groups or the field). An analysis of optical emission-line ratios indicates that the fraction of peculiar ETGs that are Seyferts or LINERs (19.4%) is twice the corresponding values in their relaxed counterparts (10.1%). LINER-like emission is the dominant type of nebular activity in all ETG classes, plausibly driven by stellar photoionisation associated with recent star formation. An analysis of UV-optical colours indicates that, regardless of the luminosity range being considered, the fraction of peculiar ETGs that have experienced star formation in the last Gyr is a factor of ~1.5 higher than that in their relaxed counterparts. The spectro-photometric results strongly suggest that the interactions that produce the morphological peculiarities also induce low-level recent star formation which, based on the recent literature, are likely to contribute a few percent of the stellar mass over the last 1 Gyr. The catalogue of galaxies that forms the basis of this paper can be obtained at: http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/~ska/stripe82/skaviraj_stripe82.dat or on request from the author.