GECO: Galaxy Evolution COde - A new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation

TL;DR

GECO is a semi-analytical galaxy formation model that combines dark matter halo merging histories with baryonic physics to study galaxy evolution, star formation, and black hole growth, matching local data and exploring high-redshift constraints.

Contribution

The paper introduces GECO, a new semi-analytical model integrating dark matter merging and baryonic processes, to better understand galaxy formation and evolution.

Findings

Star formation exhibits downsizing behavior naturally in the model.

Massive galaxies assemble mainly through dissipationless mergers at late times.

Model successfully reproduces local stellar mass functions and BH-bulge relations.

Abstract

We present a new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation, GECO (Galaxy Evolution COde), aimed at a better understanding of when and how the two processes of star formation and galaxy assembly have taken place. Our model is structured into a Monte Carlo algorithm based on the Extended Press-Schechter theory, for the representation of the merging hierarchy of dark matter halos, and a set of analytic algorithms for the treatment of the baryonic physics, including classical recipes for the gas cooling, the star formation time-scales, galaxy mergers and SN feedback. Together with the galaxies, the parallel growth of BHs is followed in time and their feedback on the hosting galaxies is modelled. We set the model free parameters by matching with data on local stellar mass functions and the BH-bulge relation at z=0. Based on such local boundary conditions, we investigate how data on the high-redshift universe constrain our understanding of the physical processes driving the evolution, focusing in particular on the assembly of stellar mass and on the star formation history. Since both processes are currently strongly constrained by cosmological near- and far-IR surveys, the basic physics of the Lambda CDM hierarchical clustering concept of galaxy formation can be effectively tested by us by comparison with the most reliable set of observables. Our investigation shows that when the time-scales of the stellar formation and mass assembly are studied as a function of dark matter halo mass and the single galaxy stellar mass, the 'downsizing' fashion of star formation appears to be a natural outcome of the model, reproduced even in the absence of the AGN feedback. On the contrary, the stellar mass assembly history turns out to follow a more standard hierarchical pattern progressive in cosmic time, with the more massive systems assembled at late times mainly through dissipationless mergers.