Electromagnetic and Gravitational Waves on a de Sitter background

TL;DR

This paper investigates electromagnetic and gravitational wave behavior on a de Sitter background, providing explicit solutions and analyzing gauge conditions, with implications for gravitational wave detection in curved spacetime.

Contribution

It offers a detailed analysis of wave equations on a de Sitter background, including explicit solutions for Maxwell and Einstein equations using advanced mathematical functions.

Findings

Explicit solutions for Maxwell wave equations in de Sitter space

Complete solutions for metric perturbations using Heun functions

Analysis of gauge conditions preserving wave equations

Abstract

One of the longstanding problems of modern gravitational physics is the detection of gravitational waves, for which the standard theoretical analysis relies upon the split of the space-time metric into a background metric plus perturbation. However, as is well known, the background need not be Minkowskian in several cases of physical interest. Thus, we here investigate in more detail what happens if the background space-time has a non-vanishing Riemann curvature. In the case in which the de Donder gauge is imposed, its preservation under infinitesimal space-time diffeomorphisms is guaranteed if and only if the associated covector is ruled by a second-order hyperbolic operator. Moreover, since in this case the Ricci term of the wave equation has opposite sign with respect to the wave equation of Maxwell theory in the Lorenz gauge, it is possible to relate the solutions of the two problems. We solve completely the homogeneous vector wave equation of Maxwell theory in the Lorenz gauge when a de Sitter space-time is considered. The decoupling technique, analytic formulae and plots are original and have been first presented, in the literature, by Bini, Esposito and the author in Gen. Rel. Grav. 42, 51-61 (2010). Moreover, we solve explicitly the Einstein equations for metric perturbations on a de Sitter background. In fact, by using the Regge-Wheeler gauge, the coupled system of differential equations, to first-order in the metric perturbation, has been here solved in terms of the Heun general functions.