NIKA: A millimeter-wave kinetic inductance camera

TL;DR

The paper presents the development and testing of NIKA, a millimeter-wave kinetic inductance camera, demonstrating its imaging capabilities and potential for improved sensitivity in astronomical observations.

Contribution

It introduces a prototype KID-based camera optimized for 2 mm observations and reports successful imaging results from the IRAM 30-meter telescope.

Findings

Successful imaging of planets, quasars, and galaxies.

Optical NEP around 1e-15 W/Hz^1/2.

Potential for tenfold sensitivity improvement.

Abstract

Current generation millimeter wavelength detectors suffer from scaling limits imposed by complex cryogenic readout electronics. To circumvent this it is imperative to investigate technologies that intrinsically incorporate strong multiplexing. One possible solution is the kinetic inductance detector (KID). In order to assess the potential of this nascent technology, a prototype instrument optimized for the 2 mm atmospheric window was constructed. Known as the N\'eel IRAM KIDs Array (NIKA), it was recently tested at the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) 30-meter telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain. The measurement resulted in the imaging of a number of sources, including planets, quasars, and galaxies. The images for Mars, radio star MWC349, quasar 3C345, and galaxy M87 are presented. From these results, the optical NEP was calculated to be around $1 \times 10^{-15}$ W$ / $Hz$^{1/2}$. A factor of 10 improvement is expected to be readily feasible by improvements in the detector materials and reduction of performance-degrading spurious radiation.