A Multi-wavelength analysis of M81: insight on the nature of Arp's loop

TL;DR

This study uses multi-wavelength observations to analyze Arp's loop around M81, revealing it is mainly composed of Galactic cirrus with some local star formation, challenging the tidal tail interpretation.

Contribution

It provides a detailed multi-wavelength analysis showing Arp's loop is primarily Galactic cirrus with localized star formation, clarifying its true nature.

Findings

Infrared emission dominated by cold Galactic dust.

Optical features include dust filaments and recent star-forming regions.

Infrared and optical data suggest a Galactic cirrus origin rather than a tidal tail.

Abstract

Context: The optical ring like structure detected by Arp (1965) around M81 (commonly referenced as "Arp's loop") represents one of the most spectacular feature observed in nearby galaxies. Arp's loop is commonly interpreted as a tail resulting from the tidal interaction between M81 and M82. However, since its discovery the nature of this feature has remained controversial. Aims: Our primary purpose was to identify the sources of optical and infrared emission observed in Arp's loop. Methods: The morphology of the Arp's loop has been investigated with deep wide-field optical images. We also measured its colors using IRAS and Spitzer-MIPS infrared images and compared them with those of the disk of M81 and Galactic dust cirrus that fills the area where M81 is located. Results: Optical images reveal that this peculiar object has a filamentary structure characterized by many dust features overlapping M81's field. The ratios of far-infrared fluxes and the estimated dust-to-gas ratios indicate the infrared emission of Arp's loop is dominated by the contribution of cold dust that is most likely from Galactic cirrus. Conclusions: The above results suggest that the light observed at optical wavelengths is a combination of emission from i) a few recent star forming regions located close to M81, where both bright UV complexes and peaks in the HI distribution are found, ii) the extended disk of M81 and iii) scattered light from the same Galactic cirrus that is responsible for the bulk of the far infrared emission.