Exploring Hadron Physics in Black Hole Formations: a New Promising Target of Neutrino Astronomy

TL;DR

This paper investigates how neutrino signals from black hole-forming stellar collapses can reveal properties of dense hadronic matter, proposing a new method to use neutrino astronomy for probing hadron physics.

Contribution

It introduces a quantitative approach using numerical simulations to distinguish hadronic equations of state from neutrino signals in stellar collapse events.

Findings

Event numbers from Galactic collapses are sufficient for detection.

Neutrino signals can differentiate between hadronic equations of state.

Stellar collapse offers a new probe into hadron physics.

Abstract

The detection of neutrinos from massive stellar collapses can teach us a lot not only about source objects but also about microphysics working deep inside them. In this study we discuss quantitatively the possibility to extract information on the properties of dense and hot hadronic matter from neutrino signals coming out of black-hole-forming collapses of non-rotational massive stars. Based on our detailed numerical simulations we evaluate the event numbers for SuperKamiokande with neutrino oscillations being fully taken into account. We demonstrate that the event numbers from a Galactic event are large enough not only to detect it but also to distinguish one hadronic equation of state from another by our statistical method assuming the same progenitor model and non-rotation. This means that the massive stellar collapse can be a unique probe into hadron physics and will be a promising target of the nascent neutrino astronomy.