High resolution spectroscopy of the three dimensional cosmic web with close QSO groups

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution spectra of QSO pairs to analyze the three-dimensional distribution of matter at z~2, revealing significant clustering and large-scale HI structures in the cosmic web.

Contribution

It provides new observational evidence of the three-dimensional matter distribution and large HI structures at high redshift using a novel sample of QSO pairs and simulations.

Findings

Clustering signal detected up to ~5 h^{-1} Mpc.

Agreement between observed and simulated correlation functions.

Discovery of a ~10 Mpc HI structure in the intergalactic medium.

Abstract

We study the three-dimensional distribution of matter at z~2 using high resolution spectra of QSO pairs and simulated spectra drawn from cosmological hydro-dynamical simulations. We present a sample of 15 QSOs, corresponding to 21 baselines of angular separations evenly distributed between ~1 and 14 arcmin, observed with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) at the European Southern Observatory-Very Large Telescope (ESO-VLT). The observed correlation functions of the transmitted flux in the HI Lya forest transverse to and along the line of sight are in agreement, implying that the distortions in redshift space due to peculiar velocities are relatively small and - within the relatively large error bars - not significant. The clustering signal is significant up to velocity separations of ~300 km/s, corresponding to about 5 h^{-1} comoving Mpc. Compatibility at the 2 sigma level has been found both for the Auto- and Cross-correlation functions and for the set of the Cross correlation coefficients. The analysis focuses in particular on two QSO groups of the sample. Searching for alignments in the redshift space between Lya absorption lines belonging to different lines of sight, it has been possible to discover the presence of a wide HI structures extending over about ten Mpc in comoving space, and give constraints on the sizes of two cosmic under-dense regions in the intergalactic medium.