Interpretation of observations of the circumbinary disk of SS 433

TL;DR

This study analyzes optical spectroscopic data of SS 433's circumbinary disk, revealing a hot spot rotating with a 13-day period, leading to estimates that the system's mass exceeds 40 solar masses and the compact object is likely a black hole.

Contribution

It introduces a simple model explaining spectral variations and refines the estimate of the binary system's mass and the nature of the compact object in SS 433.

Findings

Inner rim orbital speed is approximately 250 km/s

Mass of the binary system exceeds 40 solar masses

Compact object is likely a massive stellar black hole

Abstract

Context. The Galactic microquasar SS 433 is possessed of a circumbinary disk most clearly seen in the brilliant Balmer H alpha emission line. The orbital speed of the glowing material is an important determinant of the mass of the binary system. The circumbinary disk may be fed through the L2 point and in turn may feed a very extended radio feature known as the ruff. Aims. To present an analysis of spectroscopic optical data from H alpha and He I spectral lines which reveal the circumbinary disk. To use comparisons of the rather different signals to better understand the disk and improve estimates of the rotational speed of the inner rim. To present a simple model which naturally explains some apparently bizarre spectral variations with orbital phase. Methods. Published spectra, taken almost nightly over two orbital periods of the binary system, are analysed. H alpha and He I lines are analysed as superpositions of Gaussian components and a simple model constructed. Results. The data are understood in terms of a hot spot, generated by proximity of the compact object, rotating round the inner circumbinary disk with a period of 13 days. The glowing material fades with time, quite slowly for the H alpha source but more rapidly for the He I spectral lines. The orbital speed of the inner rim is approximately 250 km/s. Conclusions. The mass of the binary system must exceed 40 solar masses and the compact object must be a rather massive stellar black hole. The corollary is that the orbital speed of the companion must exceed 130 km/s.