The 3-D Structure of SN 1987A's inner Ejecta

TL;DR

This study uses integral field spectroscopy to map the three-dimensional structure of SN 1987A's inner ejecta, revealing an asymmetric, triaxial ellipsoid shape aligned with the equatorial ring, challenging bipolar explosion models.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed 3D spatially resolved mapping of SN 1987A's inner ejecta, showing its asymmetric shape and challenging previous bipolar explosion assumptions.

Findings

Ejecta are spatially resolved and asymmetric.

Ejecta shape is best modeled as a triaxial ellipsoid.

Explosion mechanism is non-symmetric, aligned with the equatorial ring.

Abstract

Twenty years after the explosion of SN 1987A, we are now able to observe the three-dimensional spatially resolved inner ejecta. Detailed mapping of newly synthesised material and its radioactive decay daughter products sheds light on the explosion mechanism. This may reveal the geometry of the explosion and its connection to the equatorial ring and the outer rings around SN 1987A. We have used integral field spectroscopy to image the supernova ejecta and the equatorial ring in the emission lines of [Si I]+[Fe II] and He I. The spectral information can be mapped into a radial velocity image revealing the expansion of the ejecta both as projected onto the sky and perpendicular to the sky plane. The inner ejecta are spatially resolved in a North-South direction and are clearly asymmetric. We argue that the bulk of the ejecta is situated in the same plane as defined by the equatorial ring and does not form a bipolar structure as has been suggested. The exact shape of the ejecta is modelled and we find that an elongated triaxial ellipsoid fits the observations best. From our spectral analyses of the ejecta spectrum we find that most of the He I, [Si I] and [Fe I-II] emission originates in the core material which has undergone explosive nucleosynthesis. The He I emission may be the result of alpha-rich freeze-out if the positron energy is deposited locally. Our observations clearly indicate a non-symmetric explosion mechanism for SN 1987A. The elongation and velocity asymmetries point towards a large-scale spatial non-spherical distribution as predicted in recent explosion models. The orientation of the ejecta in the plane of the equatorial ring argues against a jet-induced explosion through the poles due to stellar rotation.