A Universe without Dark Energy and Dark Matter

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model where the universe's filamentary structure and Euclidean geometry eliminate the need for dark energy and dark matter by explaining cosmic expansion and galactic phenomena through alternative assumptions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach assuming separate FRW universes in inter-galactic zones, challenging the necessity of dark components in cosmology.

Findings

Space in inter-galactic zones expands at a constant rate.

Expansion is inhibited around galaxies.

Dark energy and dark matter are not needed to explain observed phenomena.

Abstract

The universe has evolved to be a filamentary web of galaxies and large inter-galactic zones of space without matter. The Euclidian nature of the universe indicates that it is not a 3D manifold within space with an extra spatial dimension. This justifies our assumption that the FRW space-time evolves in the inter-galactic zones like separate FRW universes. Thus we do not necessarily have to consider the entirety of the universe. Our assumption enables us to prove that: -In the current epoch, space in the intergalactic zones expands at a constant rate. -In and around galaxies, space expansion is inhibited. With these results, and an extended Gauss Theorem for a deformed space, we show that there is no need for the hypothetical Dark Energy (DE) and Dark Matter (DM) to explain phenomena attributed to them.