A multiwavelength study of star formation in the vicinity of Galactic HII region Sh2-100

TL;DR

This multiwavelength study investigates the morphology, stellar content, and star formation activity in the Sh 2-100 region, revealing multiple HII regions, their ionizing sources, and evidence of star formation triggered by an expanding HI shell.

Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of Sh 2-100, identifying ionizing sources, estimating physical parameters, and suggesting star formation triggered by an HI shell, which is a novel detailed case study.

Findings

Seven HII regions identified with varying stages of evolution.

Ionizing sources are massive early-B to mid-O stars.

Star formation may have been triggered by an expanding HI shell.

Abstract

We present multiwavelength investigation of morphology, physical-environment, stellar contents and star formation activity in the vicinity of star-forming region Sh 2-100. It is found that the Sh 2-100 region contains seven HII regions of ultracompact and compact nature. The present estimation of distance for three HII regions, along with the kinematic distance for others, suggests that all of them belong to the same molecular cloud complex. Using NIR photometry, we identified the most probable ionizing sources of six HII regions. Their approximate photometric spectral type estimates suggest that they are massive early-B to mid-O ZAMS stars and agree well with radio continuum observations at 1280 MHz. The morphology of the complex shows a non-uniform distribution of warm and hot dust, well mixed with the ionized gas, which correlates well with the variation of average visual extinction (~ 4.2 - 97 mag) across the region. We estimated the physical parameters of ionized gas with the help of radio continuum observations. We detected an optically visible compact nebula located to the south of the 850 micron emission associated with one of the HII regions and the diagnostic of the optical emission line ratios gives electron density and electron temperature of ~ 0.67 x 10^3 cm^-3 and ~ 10^4 K, respectively. The physical parameters suggest that all the HII regions are in different stages of evolution, which correlate well with the probable ages in the range ~ 0.01 - 2 Myr of the ionizing sources. The positions of IR excess stars, ultracompact and compact HII regions at the periphery of an HI shell, possibly created by a WR star, indicate that star formation in Sh 2-100 region might have been induced by an expanding HI shell.