Energetics of the molecular gas in the H_2 luminous radio galaxy 3C 326: Evidence for negative AGN feedback

TL;DR

This study investigates how AGN-driven outflows and jet feedback suppress star formation in the H_2 luminous radio galaxy 3C 326N by analyzing gas conditions, outflows, and molecular emission, revealing a negative feedback mechanism.

Contribution

It provides evidence that AGN mechanical energy from radio jets can drive outflows and reduce star formation efficiency in massive galaxies, highlighting a feedback process in galaxy evolution.

Findings

Detected high-velocity outflows with ~1800 km/s in 3C 326N.

Found low star formation efficiency despite high gas surface density.

Suggested AGN feedback as a mechanism for star formation suppression.

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the gas conditions in the H_2 luminous radio galaxy 3C326N at z~0.1, which has a low star formation rate (SFR~0.07 M_sun/yr) in spite of a gas surface density similar to those in starburst galaxies. Its star-formation efficiency is likely a factor ~20-30 lower than those of ordinary star-forming galaxies. Combining new IRAM CO emission-line interferometry with existing Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy, we find that the luminosity ratio of CO and pure rotational H_2 line emission is factors 10-100 lower than what is usually found. This may suggest that most of the molecular gas is warm. The Na D absorption-line profile of 3C326N in the optical suggests an outflow with a terminal velocity of ~ -1800 km/s and a mass outflow rate of 30-40 M_sun/yr, which cannot be explained by star formation. The mechanical power implied by the wind, of order 10^43 erg/s, is comparable to the bolometric luminosity of the emission lines of ionized and molecular gas. To explain these observations, we propose a scenario where a small fraction of the mechanical energy of the radio jet is deposited in the the interstellar medium of 3C326N, which powers the outflow, and the line emission through a mass momentum and energy exchange between the different phases in the ISM. Dissipation times are of order 10^7-8 yrs, similar or greater than the typical jet lifetime. Small ratios of CO and PAH surface brightnesses in another 7 H_2 luminous radio galaxies suggest that a similar form of AGN feedback could be lowering star formation efficiencies in these galxies a similar way. The local demographics of radio-loud AGN suggests that secular gas cooling in massive early-type galaxies of >= 10^11 M_sun could be regulated through a fundamentally similar form of 'maintenance-phase' AGN feedback.