Detonations in Sub-Chandrasekhar Mass C+O White Dwarfs

TL;DR

This study uses hydrodynamical simulations to explore sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf detonations, showing they can produce Type Ia supernovae with properties matching observations, suggesting they are a viable explosion model.

Contribution

It provides detailed simulations of sub-Chandrasekhar white dwarf detonations, demonstrating their potential to explain observed Type Ia supernova characteristics.

Findings

Simulated light curves and spectra match observed supernova features.

Models produce a range of nickel masses consistent with supernova brightness.

Spectral features and light curve trends align with observations.

Abstract

Explosions of sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs are one alternative to the standard Chandrasekhar-mass model of Type Ia supernovae. They are interesting since binary systems with sub-Chandrasekhar-mass primary white dwarfs should be common and this scenario would suggest a simple physical parameter which determines the explosion brightness, namely the mass of the exploding white dwarf. Here we perform one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, associated post-processing nucleosynthesis and multi-wavelength radiation transport calculations for pure detonations of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs. The light curves and spectra we obtain from these simulations are in good agreement with observed properties of Type Ia supernovae. In particular, for white dwarf masses from 0.97 - 1.15 Msun we obtain 56Ni masses between 0.3 and 0.8 Msun, sufficient to capture almost the complete range of Type Ia supernova brightnesses. Our optical light curve rise times, peak colours and decline timescales display trends which are generally consistent with observed characteristics although the range of B-band decline timescales displayed by our current set of models is somewhat too narrow. In agreement with observations, the maximum light spectra of the models show clear features associated with intermediate mass elements and reproduce the sense of the observed correlation between explosion luminosity and the ratio of the Si II lines at 6355 and 5972 Angstroms. We therefore suggest that sub-Chandrasekhar mass explosions are a viable model for Type Ia supernovae for any binary evolution scenario leading to explosions in which the optical display is dominated by the material produced in a detonation of the primary white dwarf.