Secular Evolution and Structural Properties of Stellar Bars in Galaxies

TL;DR

This study analyzes the structural properties of stellar bars in nearly 300 nearby galaxies, revealing correlations between bar features and galaxy components, and providing insights into bar evolution and bulge formation.

Contribution

It offers the first large-scale parametric multi-band analysis of stellar bars, comparing properties in galaxies with different bulge types and proposing a link between bar growth and galaxy evolution.

Findings

Correlations between bar ellipticity, boxiness, and size.

Pseudo-bulges are less massive than classical bulges at fixed bar-to-total mass ratio.

Bars grow longer and stronger with age, affecting their pattern speeds.

Abstract

I present results from the modeling of stellar bars in nearly 300 barred galaxies in the local universe through parametric multi-component multi-band image fitting. The surface brightness radial profile of bars is described using a Sersic function, and parameters such as bar effective radius, ellipticity, boxiness, length and mass, and bar-to-total luminosity and mass ratios, are determined, which is unprecedented for a sample of this size. The properties of bars in galaxies with classical bulges and pseudo-bulges are compared. For a fixed bar-to-total mass ratio, pseudo-bulges are on average significantly less massive than classical bulges, indicating that, if pseudo-bulges are formed through bars, further processes are necessary to build a classical bulge. I find a correlation between bar ellipticity and boxiness, and define a new parameter as the product of these two quantities. I also find correlations between this product and normalised bar size, between the sizes of bars and bulges, and between normalised bar size and bulge-to-total ratio. Bars with different ellipticities follow parallel lines in the latter two correlations. These correlations can arise if, starting off with different normalised sizes and ellipticities, bars grow longer and stronger with dynamical age, as a result of angular momentum exchange from the inner to the outer parts of galaxies, consistent with previous theoretical predictions. A plausible consequence is that bar pattern speeds should become lower with bar dynamical age, and towards galaxies with more prominent bulges.