Measurement of Spatial Distribution of Cold Atoms in An Integrating Sphere

TL;DR

This study measures the spatial distribution of cold atoms within a ceramic integrating sphere using magnetic field shifts and probe absorption, revealing atom density variations due to diffuse light leakage.

Contribution

Introduces a novel method to map cold atom distribution in regions where imaging cannot be performed, utilizing magnetic sub-level shifts and probe absorption.

Findings

Atoms are less dense at the sphere's center due to diffuse light leakage.

The method effectively detects atom distribution without direct imaging.

Spatial distribution correlates with diffuse light leakage paths.

Abstract

In this paper, we present an experiment to measure the spatial distribution of cold atoms in a ceramic integrating sphere. An quadrupole field is applied after the atoms are cooled by diffuse light produced in the ceramic integrating sphere, thus the shift of atomic magnetic sub-levels are position-dependent. We move the anti-Helmholtz coil horizontally while keeping the probe laser beam resonant with the cold atoms at the zero magnetic field. The absorption of the probe beam gives the number of cold atoms at different position. The results show that at the center of the integrating sphere, less atoms exist due to the leakage of diffuse light into the hole connecting to the vacuum pump. The method we developed in this paper is useful to detect cold atoms in a region where imaging is not possible.