TL;DR
This paper reports the first observation of rogue waves in capillary waves driven parametrically, highlighting the role of modulation instability and four-wave coupling in their formation.
Contribution
It provides the first experimental evidence of rogue waves in capillary waves and links their occurrence to modulation instability and non-linear wave interactions.
Findings
Rogue waves appear above a specific forcing threshold.
Frequency spectra develop exponential tails during rogue wave events.
Strong four-wave coupling indicates modulation instability as the mechanism.
Abstract
We report the first observation of extreme wave events (rogue waves) in parametrically driven capillary waves. Rogue waves are observed above a certain threshold in forcing. Above this threshold, frequency spectra broaden and develop exponential tails. For the first time we present evidence of strong four-wave coupling in non-linear waves (high tricoherence), which points to modulation instability as the main mechanism in rogue waves. The generation of rogue waves is identified as the onset of a distinct tail in the probability density function of the wave heights. Their probability is higher than expected from the measured wave background.
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