Self-Organized Criticality in Solar Physics and Astrophysics

TL;DR

This paper reviews the concept of self-organized criticality (SOC), highlighting its application across various physical systems including solar and astrophysical phenomena, emphasizing its role in understanding scale-free, nonlinear processes.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of SOC's application in solar and astrophysics, illustrating its relevance to diverse nonlinear phenomena and critical state dynamics.

Findings

SOC explains scale-free distributions in solar flares.

SOC behavior observed in astrophysical systems like black holes and gamma-ray bursts.

SOC provides a unifying framework for nonlinear critical phenomena.

Abstract

The concept of "self-organized criticality" (SOC) has been introduced by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld (1987) to describe the statistics of avalanches on the surface of a sandpile with a critical slope, which produces a scale-free powerlaw size distribution of avalanches. In the meantime, SOC behavior has been identified in many nonlinear dissipative systems that are driven to a critical state. On a most general level, SOC is the statistics of coherent nonlinear processes, in contrast to the Poisson statistics of incoherent random processes. The SOC concept has been applied to laboratory experiments (of rice or sand piles), to human activities (population growth, language, economy, traffic jams, wars), to biophysics, geophysics (earthquakes, landslides, forest fires), magnetospheric physics, solar physics (flares), stellar physics (flares, cataclysmic variables, accretion disks, black holes, pulsar glitches, gamma ray bursts), and to galactic physics and cosmology.