Gribov horizon and BRST symmetry: a pathway to confinement

TL;DR

This paper discusses how the Gribov-Zwanziger framework explains gluon confinement by violating positivity and introduces i-particles to connect theoretical operators with physical excitations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed construction of the Gribov-Zwanziger action and introduces the concept of i-particles to relate correlation functions to physical states.

Findings

Gluons violate positivity, indicating confinement.

Construction of operators with correct analytic properties.

Introduction of i-particles for physical interpretation.

Abstract

We summarize the construction of the Gribov-Zwanziger action and how it leads to a scenario which explains the confinement of gluons, in the sense that the elementary gluon excitations violate positivity. Then we address the question of how one can construct operators within this picture whose one-loop correlation functions have the correct analytic properties in order to correspond to physical excitations. For this we introduce the concept of i-particles.