Thick gas discs in faint dwarf galaxies

TL;DR

This study analyzes the intrinsic shape of gas disks in extremely faint dwarf irregular galaxies, revealing they are significantly thicker than those in larger galaxies, which impacts mass distribution and rotational studies.

Contribution

It introduces a method to determine the intrinsic axial ratio distribution of gas disks in faint dwarf irregular galaxies, showing these disks are thicker than previously assumed.

Findings

HI disks have a mean axial ratio of ~0.6.

Gas disks are thicker than stellar disks in large spirals.

Results align with higher velocity dispersion in dwarf galaxy gas disks.

Abstract

We determine the intrinsic axial ratio distribution of the 'gas' disks of extremely faint M_B > -14.5 dwarf irregular galaxies. We start with the measured (beam corrected) distribution of apparent axial ratios in the HI 21cm images of dwarf irregular galaxies observed as part of the Faint Irregular Galaxy GMRT Survey (FIGGS). Assuming that the disks can be approximated as oblate spheroids, the intrinsic axial ratio distribution can be obtained from the observed apparent axial ratio distribution. We use a couple of methods to do this, and our final results are based on using Lucy's deconvolution algorithm. This method is constrained to produce physically plausible distributions, and also has the added advantage of allowing for observational errors to be accounted for. While one might a priori expect that gas disks would be thin (because collisions between gas clouds would cause them to quickly settle down to a thin disk), we find that the HI disks of faint dwarf irregulars are quite thick, with mean axial ratio <q> ~ 0.6. While this is substantially larger than the typical value of ~ 0.2 for the 'stellar' disks of large spiral galaxies, it is consistent with the much larger ratio of velocity dispersion to rotational velocity (sigma/v_c) in dwarf galaxy HI disks as compared to that in spiral galaxies. Our findings have implications for studies of the mass distribution in and the Tully - Fisher relation for faint dwarf irregular galaxies, where it is often assumed that the gas is in a thin disk.