Testing circumstellar disk lifetimes in young embedded clusters associated with the Vela Molecular Ridge

TL;DR

This study investigates circumstellar disk fractions in young clusters within the Vela Molecular Ridge, confirming their consistency with existing models and estimating their age at approximately 1-2 million years.

Contribution

It provides new L-band photometry data for six clusters, constrains their ages, and tests disk fraction relations in a specific star-forming region.

Findings

Disk fraction is consistent with larger sample relations.

Age of clusters is approximately 1-2 Myr.

Disk lifetime is shorter for higher mass stars.

Abstract

Context. The Vela Molecular Ridge hosts a number of young embedded star clusters in the same evolutionary stage. Aims. The main aim of the present work is testing whether the fraction of members with a circumstellar disk in a sample of clusters in the cloud D of the Vela Molecular Ridge, is consistent with relations derived for larger samples of star clusters with an age spread. Besides, we want to constrain the age of the young embedded star clusters associated with cloud D. Methods. We carried out L (3.78 microns) photometry on images of six young embedded star clusters associated with cloud D of the Vela Molecular Ridge, taken with ISAAC at the VLT. These data are complemented with the available HKs photometry. The 6 clusters are roughly of the same size and appear to be in the same evolutionary stage. The fraction of stars with a circumstellar disk was measured in each cluster by counting the fraction of sources displaying a NIR excess in colour-colour (HKsL) diagrams. Results. The L photometry allowed us to identify the NIR counterparts of the IRAS sources associated with the clusters. The fraction of stars with a circumstellar disk appears to be constant within errors for the 6 clusters. There is a hint that this is lower for the most massive stars. The age of the clusters is constrained to ~1-2 Myr. Conclusions. The fraction of stars with a circumstellar disk in the observed sample is consistent with the relations derived from larger samples of star clusters and with other age estimates for cloud D. The fraction may be lower for the most massive stars. Our results agree with a scenario where all intermediate and low-mass stars form with a disk, whose lifetime is shorter for higher mass stars.