Speculations on events in the very early universe beyond the standard model: 0th generation stage immediately following the big bang

TL;DR

This paper explores early universe phenomena immediately after the big bang, proposing that initial particles formed confining strings described by electrostatic equations, and that supersymmetry breaking led to atomic diversity.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model of early universe particle confinement using electrostatic string solutions and suggests a mechanism for supersymmetry breaking leading to atomic diversity.

Findings

Proposes quark confinement via electrostatic strings modeled by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.

Suggests supersymmetry breaking through vibronic mixing at the 0th generation stage.

Links early universe processes to the emergence of atomic diversity.

Abstract

We suggest that by virtue of the very early processes immediately following the big bang incipient 1st generation particles are created forming periodic strings to confine the quarks. These strings may be described either by the Laplace equation, due to vanishing space charges, or by Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation, due to finite charges. We also propose that the supersymmetry created by the big bang is broken through extended vibronic mixing at the end of the 0th generation giving rise to the diversity of atoms and molecules at the later stages of the evolving universe. We choose quark confinement by electrostatic strings supplied by 2D solutions of the PB equation.