The redshift evolution of oxygen and nitrogen abundances in emission-line SDSS galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates how oxygen and nitrogen abundances in emission-line SDSS galaxies evolve with redshift and stellar mass, revealing mass-dependent chemical enrichment histories over the last 3 billion years.

Contribution

It is the first to analyze nitrogen abundance evolution in SDSS galaxies, providing new constraints on galaxy chemical evolution models.

Findings

High-mass galaxies (>10^11.2 M_sun) show no enrichment in 3 Gyr.

Intermediate-mass galaxies (10^11.0-11.2 M_sun) enrich in nitrogen but not oxygen.

Lower-mass galaxies (<10^11 M_sun) enrich in both elements in the last 3 Gyr.

Abstract

The oxygen and nitrogen abundance evolutions with redshift and galaxy stellar mass in emission-line SDSS galaxies are investigated. This is the first such study for nitrogen abundances, and it provides an additional constraint for the study of the chemical evolution of galaxies. We have devised a criterion to recognize and exclude from consideration AGNs and star-forming galaxies with large errors in the line flux measurements. To select star-forming galaxies with accurate line fluxes measurements, we require that, for each galaxy, the nitrogen abundances derived with various calibrations based on different emission lines agree. Using this selection criterion, subsamples of star-forming galaxies have been extracted from catalogs of the MPA/JHU group. We found that the galaxies of highest masses, those with masses > 10^11.2 M_sun, have not been enriched in both oxygen and nitrogen over the last 3 Gyr: they have formed their stars in the so distant past that these have returned their nucleosynthesis products to the interstellar medium before z=0.25. The galaxies in the mass range from 10^11.0 M_sun to 10^11.2 M_sun do not show an appreciable enrichment in oxygen, but do show some enrichment in nitrogen: they also formed their stars before z=0.25 but later in comparison to the galaxies of highest masses; these stars have not returned nitrogen to the interstellar medium before z=0.25 because they have not had enough time to evolve. This suggests that stars with lifetimes of 2-3 Gyr contribute to the nitrogen production. Finally, galaxies with masses < 10^11 M_sun show enrichment in both oxygen and nitrogen during the last 3 Gyr: they have undergone appreciable star formation and have converted up to 20% of their mass into stars over this period.