Spectral properties of the Google matrix of the World Wide Web and other directed networks

TL;DR

This paper investigates the spectral properties of the Google matrix across various directed networks, revealing structural differences and proposing a new measure for PageRank stability.

Contribution

It provides a numerical analysis of the Google matrix spectra for different networks and introduces the fidelity of PageRank as a stability metric.

Findings

Vocabulary networks have homogeneous spectral density.

University networks exhibit distinct spectral structures.

PageRank fidelity offers a new stability characterization.

Abstract

We study numerically the spectrum and eigenstate properties of the Google matrix of various examples of directed networks such as vocabulary networks of dictionaries and university World Wide Web networks. The spectra have gapless structure in the vicinity of the maximal eigenvalue for Google damping parameter $\alpha$ equal to unity. The vocabulary networks have relatively homogeneous spectral density, while university networks have pronounced spectral structures which change from one university to another, reflecting specific properties of the networks. We also determine specific properties of eigenstates of the Google matrix, including the PageRank. The fidelity of the PageRank is proposed as a new characterization of its stability.