Concerning the Distance to the Center of the Milky Way and its Structure

TL;DR

This paper refines the distance to the Galactic center using RR Lyrae variables, addressing challenges like extinction and sampling bias, and maps the Milky Way's structure with various stellar tracers.

Contribution

It introduces a VI-based period-reddening relation for RR Lyrae variables and constructs detailed edge-on and face-on models of the Milky Way.

Findings

Distance to Galactic center is approximately 8.1 kpc with uncertainties.

RR Lyrae variables do not trace a prominent Galactic bar.

The Milky Way's structure is mapped using multiple stellar populations.

Abstract

The distance to the Galactic center inferred from OGLE RR Lyrae variables observed in the direction of the bulge is Ro=8.1+-0.6 kpc. An accurate determination of Ro is hindered by countless effects that include an ambiguous extinction law, a bias for smaller values of Ro because of a preferential sampling of variable stars toward the near side of the bulge owing to extinction, and an uncertainty in characterizing how a mean distance to the group of variable stars relates to Ro. A VI-based period-reddening relation for RR Lyrae variables is derived to map extinction throughout the bulge. The reddening inferred from RR Lyrae variables in the Galactic bulge, LMC, SMC, and IC 1613 match that established from OGLE red clump giants and classical Cepheids. RR Lyrae variables obey a period-colour (VI) relation that is relatively insensitive to metallicity. Edge-on and face-on illustrations of the Milky Way are constructed by mapping the bulge RR Lyrae variables in tandem with cataloged red clump giants, globular clusters, planetary nebulae, classical Cepheids, young open clusters, HII regions, and molecular clouds. The sample of RR Lyrae variables do not trace a prominent Galactic bar or triaxial bulge oriented at phi~25 degrees.