Additivity and non-additivity of multipartite entanglement measures

TL;DR

This paper investigates the additivity properties of key multipartite entanglement measures, revealing conditions for additivity and non-additivity, and demonstrating that most large multipartite states are nearly maximally entangled but not strongly additive, with implications for quantum computation.

Contribution

It provides new analytical results on the additivity and non-additivity of three entanglement measures for various multipartite states, including antisymmetric and generic states.

Findings

GM is additive for states with real, non-negative entries in the computational basis.

GM is non-additive for all antisymmetric states of three or more parties.

Most large multipartite pure states are nearly maximally entangled but exhibit non-strong additivity.

Abstract

We study the additivity property of three multipartite entanglement measures, i.e. the geometric measure of entanglement (GM), the relative entropy of entanglement and the logarithmic global robustness. First, we show the additivity of GM of multipartite states with real and non-negative entries in the computational basis. Many states of experimental and theoretical interests have this property, e.g. Bell diagonal states, maximally correlated generalized Bell diagonal states, generalized Dicke states, the Smolin state, and the generalization of D\"{u}r's multipartite bound entangled states. We also prove the additivity of other two measures for some of these examples. Second, we show the non-additivity of GM of all antisymmetric states of three or more parties, and provide a unified explanation of the non-additivity of the three measures of the antisymmetric projector states. In particular, we derive analytical formulae of the three measures of one copy and two copies of the antisymmetric projector states respectively. Third, we show, with a statistical approach, that almost all multipartite pure states with sufficiently large number of parties are nearly maximally entangled with respect to GM and relative entropy of entanglement. However, their GM is not strong additive; what's more surprising, for generic pure states with real entries in the computational basis, GM of one copy and two copies, respectively, are almost equal. Hence, more states may be suitable for universal quantum computation, if measurements can be performed on two copies of the resource states. We also show that almost all multipartite pure states cannot be produced reversibly with the combination multipartite GHZ states under asymptotic LOCC, unless relative entropy of entanglement is non-additive for generic multipartite pure states.