Two-mode Bose gas: Beyond classical squeezing

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum dynamics of squeezing in a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate, revealing quantum effects beyond classical predictions and how squeezing relates to particle number parity.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis of squeezing evolution in a two-mode Bose gas, highlighting quantum effects and the limitations of classical models in this context.

Findings

Eigenstates do not fully utilize the Heisenberg uncertainty region.

Quantum evolution shows non-classical correlations and number squeezing.

Squeezing measurements can distinguish even and odd total particle numbers.

Abstract

The dynamical evolution of squeezing correlations in an ultracold Bose-Einstein distributed across two modes is investigated theoretically in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. It is shown that the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian do not exploit the full region allowed by Heisenberg's uncertainty relation for number and phase fluctuations. The development of non-classical correlations and relative number squeezing is studied in the transition from the Josephson to the Fock regime. Comparing the full quantum evolution with classical statistical simulations allows to identify quantum aspects of the squeezing formation. In the quantum regime, the measurement of squeezing allows to distinguish even and odd total particle numbers.