Confirmation of a recent bipolar ejection in the very young hierarchical multiple system IRAS 16293-2422

TL;DR

This study reports the first observation of a very recent bipolar ejection in the young multiple system IRAS 16293-2422, confirming dynamic activity and binary formation in this early-stage protostellar system.

Contribution

The paper provides high-resolution radio observations confirming a recent bipolar ejection and the binary nature of the system, offering new insights into early protostellar evolution.

Findings

Detected symmetric movement of ejecta at 30-80 km/s

Estimated ejecta mass around 10^-8 solar masses

Identified IRAS 16293-2422 as a young hierarchical multiple system

Abstract

We present and analyze two new high-resolution (approx 0.3 arcsec), high-sensitivity (approx 50 uJy beam-1) Very Large Array 3.6 cm observations of IRAS 16293-2422 obtained in 2007 August and 2008 December. The components A2alpha and A2beta recently detected in this system are still present, and have moved roughly symmetrically away from source A2 at a projected velocity of 30-80 km s-1. This confirms that A2alpha and A2beta were formed as a consequence of a very recent bipolar ejection from A2. Powerful bipolar ejections have long been known to occur in low-mass young stars, but this is -to our knowledge-- the first time that such a dramatic one is observed from its very beginning. Under the reasonable assumption that the flux detected at radio wavelengths is optically thin free-free emission, one can estimate the mass of each ejecta to be of the order of 10^-8 Msun. If the ejecta were created as a consequence of an episode of enhanced mass loss accompanied by an increase in accretion onto the protostar, then the total luminosity of IRAS 16293-2422 ought to have increased by 10-60% over the course of at least several months. Between A2alpha and A2beta, component A2 has reappeared, and the relative position angle between A2 and A1 is found to have increased significantly since 2003-2005. This strongly suggests that A1 is a protostar rather than a shock feature, and that the A1/A2 pair is a tight binary system. Including component B, IRAS 16293-2422 therefore appears to be a very young hierarchical multiple system.