Natural and artificial atoms for quantum computation

TL;DR

This paper reviews the current state of natural and artificial atoms as qubits in quantum computing, highlighting their advantages, integration possibilities, and potential for hybrid quantum devices.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of different qubit types, their properties, and the prospects for hybrid quantum systems combining natural and artificial atoms.

Findings

Natural atoms have long coherence times and are suitable as quantum memories.

Artificial atoms can be engineered for specific functions as quantum processing units.

Hybrid devices combining atoms and photons could enable advanced quantum computing architectures.

Abstract

Remarkable progress towards realizing quantum computation has been achieved using natural and artificial atoms as qubits. This article presents a brief overview of the current status of different types of qubits. On the one hand, natural atoms (such as neutral atoms and ions) have long coherence times, and could be stored in large arrays, providing ideal "quantum memories". On the other hand, artificial atoms (such as superconducting circuits or semiconductor quantum dots) have the advantage of custom-designed features and could be used as "quantum processing units". Natural and artificial atoms can be coupled with each other and can also be interfaced with photons for long-distance communications. Hybrid devices made of natural/artificial atoms and photons may provide the next-generation design for quantum computers.