Novae With Long-Lasting Supersoft Emission That Drive a High Accretion Rate

TL;DR

This paper identifies a new class of novae with long-lasting supersoft emission driven by high accretion rates, characterized by brighter post-eruption brightness, short orbital periods, and magnetic white dwarfs, distinct from typical novae.

Contribution

The study introduces a new class of novae, V1500 Cyg stars, explaining their unique properties and physical mechanisms, and distinguishes them from other nova types and supernova progenitors.

Findings

Identified 8 novae with distinct post-eruption brightness and properties.

Proposed a feedback mechanism involving magnetic white dwarfs and high accretion rates.

V1500 Cyg stars constitute about 14% of novae, not leading to Type Ia supernovae.

Abstract

We identify a new class of novae characterized by the post-eruption quiescent light curve being more than roughly a factor of ten brighter than the pre-eruption light curve. Eight novae (V723 Cas, V1500 Cyg, V1974 Cyg, GQ Mus, CP Pup, T Pyx, V4633 Sgr, and RW UMi) are separated out as being significantly distinct from other novae. This group shares a suite of uncommon properties, characterized by the post-eruption magnitude being much brighter than before eruption, short orbital periods, long-lasting supersoft emission following the eruption, a highly magnetized white dwarf, and secular declines during the post-eruption quiescence. We present a basic physical picture which shows why all five uncommon properties are causally connected. Most novae do not have adequate accretion for continuous hydrogen burning, but some can achieve this if the companion star is nearby (with short orbital period) and a magnetic field channels the matter onto a small area on the white dwarf so as to produce a locally high accretion rate. The resultant supersoft flux irradiates the companion star and drives a higher accretion rate (with a brighter post-eruption phase), which serves to keep the hydrogen burning and the supersoft flux going. The feedback loop cannot be perfectly self-sustaining, so the supersoft flux will decline over time, forcing a decline in the accretion rate and the system brightness. We name this new group after the prototype, V1500 Cyg. V1500 Cyg stars are definitely not progenitors of Type Ia supernovae. The V1500 Cyg stars have similar physical mechanisms and appearances as predicted for nova by the hibernation model, but with this group accounting for only 14% of novae.