Cross-correlation of the HI 21-cm Signal and Lyman-alpha Forest: A Probe Of Cosmology

TL;DR

This paper proposes using the cross-correlation between 21-cm emission and Lyman-alpha forest signals to probe large-scale cosmology at redshifts 2 to 3, effectively avoiding foreground contamination.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cross-correlation method between 21-cm and Lyman-alpha signals as a new cosmological probe, demonstrating its feasibility with upcoming surveys.

Findings

Potential for 3 sigma detection of 21-cm power spectrum at z=2.2

5 sigma detection of cross-correlation achievable with current survey parameters

Cross-correlation provides an independent probe of cosmic structure and expansion

Abstract

Separating the cosmological redshifted 21-cm signal from foregrounds is a major challenge. We present the cross-correlation of the redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the post-reionization era with the Ly-alpha forest as a new probe of the large scale matter distribution in the redshift range z=2 to 3 without the problem of foreground contamination. Though the 21-cm and the Ly-alpha forest signals originate from different astrophysical systems, they are both expected to trace the underlying dark matter distribution on large scales. The multi-frequency angular cross-correlation power spectrum estimator is found to be unaffected by the discrete quasar sampling, which only affects the noise in the estimate. We consider a hypothetical redshifted 21-cm observation in a single field of view 1.3 degrees (FWHM) centered at z=2.2 where the binned 21-cm angular power spectrum can be measured at an SNR of 3 sigma or better across the range 500 < l < 4000 . Keeping the parameters of the 21-cm observation fixed, we have estimated the SNR for the cross-correlation signal varying the quasar angular number density n of the Ly-alpha forest survey. Assuming that the spectra have SNR ~5 in pixels of length 44 km/s, we find that a 5 sigma detection of the cross-correlation signal is possible at 600 < l < 2000 with n=4 deg^{-2}. This value of n is well within the reach of upcoming Ly-alpha forest surveys. The cross-correlation signal will be a new, independent probe of the astrophysics of the diffuse IGM, the growth of structure and the expansion history of the Universe.