GRB 081008: from burst to afterglow and the transition phase in between

TL;DR

This paper presents a detailed multi-wavelength analysis of GRB 081008, exploring the transition from prompt emission to afterglow, and provides insights into early optical variability and the nature of the spectral break.

Contribution

It offers new multi-wavelength observational data and interpretation of the transition phase in GRB 081008, highlighting the role of energy injection and optical variability.

Findings

Early optical peaks correspond to afterglow onset and internal activity.

Optical and X-ray lightcurves show achromatic steepening at the break.

Spectral break within optical bands constrains emission models.

Abstract

We present a multi-wavelength study of GRB 081008, at redshift 1.967, by Swift, ROTSE-III and GROND. Compared to other Swift GRBs, GRB 081008 has a typical gamma-ray isotropic equivalent energy output (10^53 erg) during the prompt phase, and displayed two temporally separated clusters of pulses. The early X-ray emission seen by the Swift/XRT was dominated by the softening tail of the prompt emission, producing multiple flares during and after the Swift/BAT detections. Optical observations that started shortly after the first active phase of gamma-ray emission showed two consecutive peaks. We interpret the first optical peak as the onset of the afterglow associated with the early burst activities. A second optical peak, coincident with the later gamma-ray pulses, imposes a small modification to the otherwise smooth lightcurve and thus suggests a minimal contribution from a probable internal component. We suggest the early optical variability may be from continuous energy injection into the forward shock front by later shells producing the second epoch of burst activities. These early observations thus provide a potential probe for the transition from prompt to the afterglow phase. The later lightcurve of GRB 081008 displays a smooth steepening in all optical bands and X-ray. The temporal break is consistent with being achromatic at the observed wavelengths. Our broad energy coverage shortly after the break constrains a spectral break within optical. However, the evolution of the break frequency is not observed. We discuss the plausible interpretations of this behavior.