SN 2009kf : a UV bright type IIP supernova discovered with Pan-STARRS 1 and GALEX

TL;DR

SN 2009kf is a UV-bright type IIP supernova with an unusually high explosion energy, characterized by a long optical plateau, high velocities, and bright UV emission, expanding our understanding of luminous supernovae.

Contribution

This paper reports the discovery and detailed analysis of a highly luminous, UV-bright type IIP supernova with exceptionally high velocities and energies, expanding the known diversity of supernova properties.

Findings

SN 2009kf exhibits a 70-day optical and bolometric light curve plateau.

It has hydrogen P-Cygni profiles indicating expansion velocities of 9000 km/s.

The supernova's UV brightness suggests a larger explosion energy than typical type IIP SNe.

Abstract

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of a luminous type IIP Supernova 2009kf discovered by the Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) survey and detected also by GALEX. The SN shows a plateau in its optical and bolometric light curves, lasting approximately 70 days in the rest frame, with absolute magnitude of M_V = -18.4 mag. The P-Cygni profiles of hydrogen indicate expansion velocities of 9000km/s at 61 days after discovery which is extremely high for a type IIP SN. SN 2009kf is also remarkably bright in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) and shows a slow evolution 10-20 days after optical discovery. The NUV and optical luminosity at these epochs can be modelled with a black-body with a hot effective temperature (T ~16,000 K) and a large radius (R ~1x10^{15} cm). The bright bolometric and NUV luminosity, the lightcurve peak and plateau duration, the high velocities and temperatures suggest that 2009kf is a type IIP SN powered by a larger than normal explosion energy. Recently discovered high-z SNe (0.7 < z < 2.3) have been assumed to be IIn SNe, with the bright UV luminosities due to the interaction of SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM). UV bright SNe similar to SN 2009kf could also account for these high-z events, and its absolute magnitude M_NUV = -21.5 +/- 0.5 mag suggests such SNe could be discovered out to z ~2.5 in the PS1 survey.