The Mach cone signal and energy deposition scenarios in linearized hydrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the shape and strength of Mach cone shockwaves in heavy-ion collisions depend on the energy deposition process and medium interactions, aiding understanding of the medium's transport properties.

Contribution

It provides a systematic analysis of how different energy deposition scenarios affect Mach cone signals in linearized hydrodynamics models.

Findings

Shockwave signals are highly sensitive to energy deposition assumptions.

The evolution of the hard parton significantly influences the shockwave shape.

Modeling the parton-medium interaction is crucial for interpreting correlation measurements.

Abstract

Particle correlation measurements associated with a hard or semi-hard trigger in heavy-ion collisions may reflect Mach cone shockwaves excited in the bulk medium by partonic energy loss. This is of great interest because, when compared with theory, such measurements can provide information on the transport properties of the medium. Specifically, the formation of Mach cone shockwaves is sensitive to the viscosity and speed of sound, as well as the detailed nature of the jet medium interaction. However, modeling the physics of shockwave excitation to obtain a meaningful comparison with the measured correlations is very challenging since the correlations arise from an interplay of perturbative as well as non-perturbative phenomena at different momentum scales. In this work we take a step in that direction by presenting a systematic study of the dependence of azimuthal particle correlations on the spatio-temporal structure of energy deposition into the medium. Our results indicate that detailed modeling of the evolution of an initially produced hard parton and the interaction of this evolving state with the medium is crucial, as both magnitude and shape of the shockwave signal show a strong dependence on the assumptions being made.