Near term measurements with 21 cm intensity mapping: neutral hydrogen fraction and BAO at z<2

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that 21 cm intensity mapping can quickly and effectively measure neutral hydrogen density and baryon acoustic oscillations at redshifts below 2, using existing and prototype radio telescopes.

Contribution

It shows near-term feasibility of using 21 cm intensity mapping for cosmological measurements with minimal observing time and existing telescope technology.

Findings

Neutral hydrogen density can be measured to 25% precision with 200 hours on GBT.

A 4000-hour survey can detect BAO with 3.5% distance precision.

Prototype and existing telescopes can achieve significant cosmological measurements.

Abstract

It is shown that 21 cm intensity mapping could be used in the near term to make cosmologically useful measurements. Large scale structure could be detected using existing radio telescopes, or using prototypes for dedicated redshift survey telescopes. This would provide a measure of the mean neutral hydrogen density, using redshift space distortions to break the degeneracy with the linear bias. We find that with only 200 hours of observing time on the Green Bank Telescope, the neutral hydrogen density could be measured to 25% precision at redshift 0.54<z<1.09. This compares favourably to current measurements, uses independent techniques, and would settle the controversy over an important parameter which impacts galaxy formation studies. In addition, a 4000 hour survey would allow for the detection of baryon acoustic oscillations, giving a cosmological distance measure at 3.5% precision. These observation time requirements could be greatly reduced with the construction of multiple pixel receivers. Similar results are possible using prototypes for dedicated cylindrical telescopes on month time scales, or SKA pathfinder aperture arrays on day time scales. Such measurements promise to improve our understanding of these quantities while beating a path for future generations of hydrogen surveys.