Variograms of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature Fluctuations: Confirmation of Deviations from Statistical Isotropy

TL;DR

This paper introduces the variogram as a new method to detect deviations from statistical isotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background, revealing significant hemispherical differences in WMAP data that challenge standard inflationary assumptions.

Contribution

The paper presents the variogram as a novel analytical tool for identifying anisotropies in CMB maps, providing a new validation benchmark for cosmological models.

Findings

Northern hemisphere variogram has lower sill and range than southern hemisphere.

Northern hemisphere variogram exceeds 99% confidence level for scales above ten degrees.

Detected hemispherical asymmetries suggest deviations from isotropy in CMB data.

Abstract

The Standard Inflationary model predicts an isotropic distribution of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature fluctuations. Detection of deviations from statistical isotropy would call for a revision of the physics of the early universe. This paper introduces the variogram as a powerful tool to detect and characterize deviations from statistical isotropy in Cosmic Microwave Background maps. Application to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data clearly shows differences between the northern and the southern hemispheres. The sill and range of the northern hemisphere's variogram are lower than those of the southern hemisphere. Moreover the variogram for the northern hemisphere lies outside the 99% c.l. for scales above ten degrees. Differences between the northern and southern hemispheres in the functional dependence of the variogram with the scale can be used as a validation bench mark for proposed anisotropic cosmological models.