The scaling relation between richness and mass of galaxy clusters: a Bayesian approach

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that galaxy cluster richness can reliably predict cluster mass with low scatter, comparable to X-ray luminosity and direct methods, using a Bayesian approach on observational data.

Contribution

It introduces a Bayesian method to establish a tight scaling relation between galaxy cluster richness and mass, with implications for cosmological surveys.

Findings

Richness predicts mass with 0.29 dex uncertainty.

Richness and X-ray luminosity have similar mass prediction accuracy.

The method is robust and applicable to optical surveys.

Abstract

We use a sample of 53 galaxy clusters at 0.03 < z < 0.1 with available masses derived from the caustic technique and with velocity dispersions computed using 208 galaxies on average per cluster, in order to investigate the scaling between richness, mass and velocity dispersion. A tight scaling between richness and mass is found, with an intrinsic scatter of only 0.19 dex in mass and with a slope one, i.e. clusters which have twice as many galaxies are twice as massive. When richness is measured without any knowledge of the cluster mass or linked parameters (such as r200), it can predict mass with an uncertainty of 0.29+/-0.01 dex. As a mass proxy, richness competes favourably with both direct measurements of mass given by the caustic method, which has typically 0.14 dex errors (vs 0.29) and X-ray luminosity, which offers a similar 0.30 dex uncertainty. The similar performances of X-ray luminosity and richness in predicting cluster masses has been confirmed using cluster masses derived from velocity dispersion fixed by numerical simulations. These results suggest that cluster masses can be reliably estimated from simple galaxy counts, at least at the redshift and masses explored in this work. This has important applications in the estimation of cosmological parameters from optical cluster surveys, because in current surveys clusters detected in the optical range outnumber, by at least one order of magnitude, those detected in X-ray. Our analysis is robust from astrophysical and statistical perspectives. The data and code used for the stochastic computation is distributed with the paper. [Abridged]