The 3-3-1 model with A_4 flavor symmetry

TL;DR

This paper explores embedding A_4 flavor symmetry into the 3-3-1 gauge model, resulting in naturally light neutrinos with realistic mixing patterns and unified scalar multiplets, advancing understanding of fermion mass hierarchies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel integration of A_4 symmetry into the 3-3-1 model, unifying scalar multiplets and deriving realistic neutrino masses and mixings.

Findings

Light neutrinos with various mass hierarchies achieved

Neutrino mixing pattern consistent with Harrison-Perkins-Scott proposal

Quark masses and CKM matrix discussed

Abstract

We argue that the A_4 symmetry as required by three flavors of fermions may well-embed in the SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X gauge model. The new neutral fermion singlets as introduced in a canonical seesaw mechanism can be combined with the standard model lepton doublets to perform SU(3)_L triplets. Various leptoscalar multiplets such as singlets, doublets, and triplets as played in the models of A_4 are unified in single SU(3)_L antisextets. As a result, naturally light neutrinos with various kinds of mass hierarchies are obtained as a combination of type I and type II seesaw contributions. The observed neutrino mixing pattern in terms of the Harrison-Perkins-Scott proposal is obtained by enforcing of the A_4 group. The quark masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix are also discussed. By virtue of very heavy antisextets the nature of the vacuum alignments of scalar fields can be given.