Quark Masses and Mixings with Hierarchical Friedberg-Lee Symmetry

TL;DR

This paper explores how Friedberg-Lee symmetry influences quark masses and mixing angles, extending the model to include a fourth generation and deriving relations between mixing matrix elements and quark mass ratios.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of Friedberg-Lee symmetry to quark mass and mixing relations, including an extension to a fourth generation quark model.

Findings

Friedberg-Lee symmetry relates quark masses to mixing angles.

Derived relations between CKM matrix elements and quark mass ratios.

Predicted bounds on fourth generation quark mixing parameters.

Abstract

We consider the Friedberg-Lee symmetry for the quark sector and show that the symmetry closely relates to both quark masses and mixing angles. We also extend our scheme to the fourth generation quark model and find the relation $|V_{tb^{'}}| \simeq |V_{t^{'}b}| \simeq m_b/m_{b^{'}}< \lambda^2$ with $\lambda\simeq0.22$ for $m_b=4.2\ \gev$ and $m_{b^{'}}>199\ \gev$.