EXIST perspective for Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients

TL;DR

This paper discusses Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXTs), a new class of high-mass X-ray binaries characterized by rapid, bright X-ray flares, and explores how the EXIST telescope could enhance their study.

Contribution

It introduces the potential of the EXIST mission to improve long-term monitoring and understanding of SFXTs' rapid variability and flaring behavior.

Findings

SFXTs exhibit brief, intense X-ray flares with flux variability up to 100,000.

INTEGRAL/IBIS detects only the brightest flares, missing quiescent states.

EXIST could enable continuous monitoring of SFXTs, capturing their rapid variability.

Abstract

Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXTs) are one of the most intriguing (and unexpected) results of the INTEGRAL mission. They are a new class of High Mass X-ray Binaries involving about 20 sources to date, with 8 firmly identified SFXTs and many candidates. They are composed by a massive OB supergiant star as companion donor and a compact object. At least four SFXTs host a neutron star, because X-ray pulsations have been discovered, while for the others a black hole cannot be excluded. SFXTs display short X-ray outbursts (compared with Be/X-ray transients) characterized by fast flares on brief timescales of hours and large flux variability typically in the range 1,000-100,000. The INTEGRAL/IBIS sensitivity allowed to catch only the bright flares (peaking at 1E36-1E37erg/s), without persistent or quiescent emission. The investigation of their properties, in particular the rapid variability time scales of their flaring activity, will greatly benefit from observations with the Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST), with the possibility to perform a long term and continuous as possible monitoring of the hard X-ray sky.